Conditions We Treat
ADHD
What is it?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that interfere with functioning or development. It typically begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood.
Symptoms
Inattention Difficulty sustaining attention, making careless mistakes, being easily distracted, and frequently losing items necessary for tasks.
Hyperactivity Excessive fidgeting, restlessness, difficulty staying seated, and a constant need for movement.
Impulsivity Acting without thinking, interrupting others, difficulty waiting for turns, and making impulsive decision
Types
Characterized primarily by symptoms of inattention without significant hyperactivity-impulsivity.
Characterized primarily by symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity without significant inattention.
Characterized by symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity
Treatment
Treatment for ADHD usually involves a combination of behavioral interventions, psychoeducation, and, in some cases, medication management to address symptoms effectively.
Such as methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin) and amphetamine (e.g., Adderall) are commonly prescribed to help improve attention, focus, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD.Non-Stimulant MedicationsIncluding atomoxetine (Strattera) and certain antidepressants (e.g., bupropion) may be prescribed for individuals who do not respond well to stimulant medications or have contraindications to them.
Behavioral interventions such as parent training, social skills training, and classroom management strategies can help individuals with ADHD learn adaptive behaviors and improve functioning in various settingsCognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)CBT techniques can help individuals with ADHD develop coping strategies to manage impulsivity, improve organizational skills, and challenge negative thought patterns.3. Educational Interventions: Specialized educational supports, such as individualized education plans (IEPs) or accommodations in the classroom, can help children with ADHD succeed academically by addressing their specific needs and challenges.
In summary, ADHD is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that requires comprehensive evaluation and individualized treatment planning to address symptoms effectively and improve overall functioning. Early identification and intervention are crucial for minimizing the impact of ADHD on academic, social, and occupational outcomes.
Risk Factors
Several factors may contribute to the development of ADHD, including:
Genetics
ADHD tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component to the disorder.
Brain Structure and Functioning
Differences in brain structure and neurotransmitter activity, particularly involving dopamine and norepinephrine, may play a role.
Environmental Factors
Prenatal exposure to substances such as alcohol or tobacco, low birth weight, premature birth, and early childhood exposure to lead may increase the risk.
Psychosocial Factors
Stressful life events, family dysfunction, and parenting styles can also influence the development of ADHD symptoms.
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